YouTube player

Do you ever have an urge that you couldn’t resist? Maybe you’re out shopping when you see an adorable dress at half price. Or maybe you watched the ending of the anime AnoHana and couldn’t resist the urge to cry. We’re all human, so we all have moments like that. Well, now you’ll be able to express that feeling in Japanese!

 

Using 〜ずにはいられない (zu ni wa irarenai)

When you can’t help but do something , you can add to the end of a verb, 〜ずにはいられない(〜zu ni wa irarenai). This phrase isn’t that common in everyday conversations, but it’s covered in the JLPT N3.

<verb> + ずにはいられない
<verb> + zu ni wa irarenai
I couldn’t help but <verb>

ピカチュウぬいぐるみと、わずはいられない
PIkachuu no nuigurumi wo miru to, kawazu ni wa irarenai.
Whenever I see Pikachu plushies, I can’t help but buy one.

* In this case, と(to) is used for cause-and-effect. You can learn more in this video.

That’s quite a mouthful, but it’s actually a combination of two phrases: ずに and いられない.

ずに means the same as ないで(nai de, without doing〜).

はさみ使つかわないで
Hasami wo tsukawanai de kiru.
はさみ使つかわずに
Hasami wo tsukawazu ni kiru.
I cut it without using scissors.

わないで(kawanai) = わず(kawazu = not buy

As for いられない(irarenai), いる(iru) means “to be” or “to exist”, and いられない is the negative potential form. So when you use 〜ずにはいられない, you are actually saying “I cannot be myself without…”

いる→いられる→いられない
Iru → irareru → irarenai
to exist → can exist → cannot exist

みんなわずにはいられないものはありますか。
Minna wa kawazu ni wa irarenai mono wa arimasu ka.
Is there anything that you guys can’t help but buy?

アップルパイわずにはいられない
Appuru pai wo miru to kawazu ni wa irarenai.
When I see an apple pie, I can’t help but buy it.

アップルパイべずにはいられない
Appuru pai wo miru to tabezu ni wa irarenai.
When I see an apple pie, I can’t help but eat it.

 

Adding ず(zu) to Verbs

When you add ず to a verb, first change the end of the verb as if you are adding ない.

  • For verbs that end with “-eru” or “-iru”, remove the “ru”, and add ずにはいられない.
  • For other verbs, replace the “u” with “a”, and add ずにはいられない.

べる → べない     → べずにはいられない
taberu       tabenai            tabezuni wa irarenai

く  → かない → かずにはいられない
iku        ikanai      ikazuni wa irarenai

う  → わない → わずにはいられない
kau       kawanai →    kawazu ni wa irarenai

する(suru, to do) is a special case. When you add ず, する becomes せず, not しず.

する   しない    せずにはいられない
suru    →    shinai    sezuni wa irarenai
to do   →    don’t do →    can’t help but do

心配しんぱいする       心配しんぱいせずにはいられない
shinpai suru  → shinpai sezu ni wa irarenai
to worry         → can’t help but worry

緊張きんちょうする    緊張きんちょうせずにはいられない
kinchou suru   → kinchou sezu ni wa irarenai
to be nervous  → can’t help but be nervous

 

Using  いられない with て and と

When you want to say “because”, you usually use the particle から(kara). However, when you want to talk about emotions, it is more natural to use て(te).

くやしい
Makete kuyashii.
I feel frustrated because I lost.

ひとたくさんいて緊張きんちょうせずにはいられない
HIto ga takusan ite, kinchou sezu ni wa irarenai.
I can’t help but feel nervous because there are a lot of people.

When you want to talk in the past tense, just change いられない to the past tense, いられなかった.

ストレスがまっていてまずにはいられなかった
Sutoresu ga tamatteite, nomazu ni wa irarenakatta.
I couldn’t help but drink because I was stressed.

む     → まない  → まずにはいられなかった
nomu  → nomanai  → nomazu ni wa irarenakatta
to drink → won’t drink → couldn’t help but drink

It’s quite a mouthful, but once you practice, you’ll get used to it.

わらう   → わらわない   → わらわずにはいられなかった
warau  → warawanai  → warawazu ni wa irarenakatta
to laugh → won’t laugh → couldn’t help but laugh

会議中かいぎちゅうだったけど、部長ぶちょうおならをしてわらわずにはいられなかった
Kaigi chuu datta kedo, buchou ga onara wo shite warawazu ni wa irarenakatta.
Although we were in a meeting, I couldn’t help but laugh because my manager farted.

部長ぶちょう怒鳴どなられてかずにはいられなかった
Buchou ni donararete, nakazu ni wa irarenakatta.
I couldn’t help crying because I was yelled at by my manager.

怒鳴どなる(donaru) = to yell
く(naku) = to cry

Along with て, you can use ずにはいられない with と(to). Remember that と is used for cause and effect whenever one thing always leads to another.

このきょくおどらずにはいられない
Kono kyoku wo kiku to odorazu ni wa irarenai.
Whenever I hear this song, I can’t help but dance.

おどらずにはいられないきょくはなんですか。
Kiku to odorazu ni wa irarenai kyoku wa nan desu ka.
What song makes you dance when you listen to it?

さとしくんあたまもいいし、かっこいいし、運動うんどう得意とくいだし嫉妬しっとせずにはいられない
Satoshi-kun wa atama mo iishi, kakko iishi, undou mo tokui dashi shitto sezu ni wa irarenai.
(Because) Satoshi is smart, handsome, and athletic, I can’t help but feel jealous.

運動うんどう (undou) = exercise, sports
〜が得意とくい (〜ga tokui) = is skilled at 〜
嫉妬しっとする (shitto suru) = to be jealous

こまっているひとと、たすけずにはいられない
Komatteiru hito wo miru to, tasukezu ni wa irarenai.
When I see people in need, I can’t help but help them.

だから、からかわずにはいられないの
Suki dakara, karakawazu ni wa irarenai no.
I can’t help but tease you because I like you.

 

Using つい and ちゃう

In many cases, you can use つい(tsui), ちゃう(-chau), and てしまう(-te shimau) with ずにはいられない.

つい(tsui) = accidentally

ちゃう and しまう are used after a verb when you do something you regret or do something unintentionally.

To add ちゃう or しまう to a verb, first change the verb to its -te form.

う → って → っちゃう
kau   katte    kacchau
う → って → ってしまう
kau   katte    katte shimau

く → いて → いちゃう
kaku→kaite→kaichau
く → いて → いてしまう
kaku→kaite→kaite shimau

だからついからかっちゃう の/んだ。
Suki dakara tsui karakacchau no/nda.
I can’t help but tease you because I like you.

からかう(karakau) = to tease

* You use or んだ at the end of a sentence when you explain something. You can learn more about it in this video.

In many cases, you can replace ずにはいられない with ちゃう or しまう.

ついっちゃう。
Tsui kacchau.
I can’t help but buy / I end up buying.

ピカチュウぬいぐるみと、ついっちゃう
Pikachuu no nuigurumi wo miru to, tsui kacchau.
When I see Pikachu plushies, I can’t help but buy one.

You can also use つい by itself, and the listener will understand you from the context.

A:またピカチュウぬいぐるみったの?
B:つい…

A: Mata Pikachuu no nuigurumi katta no?
B: Tsui…

A: Did you buy a Pikachu plushie again?
B: I couldn’t help it…

You can also replace つい with どうしても(doushite mo, no matter what). However, unlike つい, you can’t use どうしても by itself.

ピカチュウのぬいぐるみと、どうしてもっちゃう
Pikachuu no nuigurumi wo miru to, doushite mo kacchau.
When I see Pikachu plushies, I can’t help but buy one.

つい has an innocent connotation, like you’re saying “Oops!” while どうしても is slightly more serious, like you can’t control yourself and have a problem.

どうしてもタバコやめられない
Doushite mo tabako ga yamerarenai.
I just can’t quit smoking.

かゆくてどうしてもいちゃう
Kayukute doushite mo kaichau.
I can’t help but scratch because it’s itchy.

Now, let’s rephrase the sentence above using いられない and with つい.

かゆくてかずにはいられない
Kayukute, kakazu ni wa irarenai.
I can’t help but scratch because it’s itchy.

かゆくてついいちゃう
Kayukute, tsui kaichau.
I scratch unintentionally because it’s itchy.

 

Let’s sum up the ways you can use ずにはいられない:

  • Add ずにはいられない to a verb to say you can’t help but do something.
  • When you want to show cause-and-effect, use ずにはいられない with と or て.
  • To show you did it without thinking, use つい.
  • To show you can’t control yourself, use どうしても.
  • To show regret, use ちゃう or しまう.

Thanks for reading until the end! ずにはいられない might be hard to say, but try using it by yourself and keep practicing, and you’ll get the hang of it.

Junichi

View all posts

1 comment

  • Amazing lesson and can’t wait for more grammar and pronunciations Arigato gozaimasu Misa sensei .💐

Support Me on Patreon

YouTube player